رابي ريموند روفائيل المحترم
تحياتي
تقبل شكري الجزيل وتقديري
..................
The Çineköy inscription
شكل نقش شينيكوي موضوع دراسة نشرت في مجلة دراسات الشرق الأدنى (Journal of Near Eastern Studies) قدمها روبرت رولينغر (Robert Rollinger) يدعم فيها الرأي القائل بأن اسم سوريا مشتق من آشور، فالكلمة اللوفية سورا/ي تكتب بنفس النقش بالفينقية اشر (اشور) ، وهذ يحل معضلة الاسم
The Çineköy inscription is a Hieroglyphic Luwian-Phoenician bilingual inscription, uncovered in 1997 in Çineköy, Adana Province, Turkey (ancient Cilicia). The village of Çineköy lies 30 km south of Adana.
The inscription is dated to the 8th century BC. It was originally published by Tekoglu and Lemaire (2000).[1] Another important inscription of the same type is known as the Karatepe inscription, which was known earlier. Both of these inscriptions trace the kings of ancient Adana from the "house of Mopsos" (given in Hieroglyphic Luwian as Muksa and in Phoenician as Mopsos in the form mps). He was a legendary king of antiquity.
Background
The object on which the inscription is found is a monument to the Storm God Tarhunza.
The inscription was authored by the man known as Urikki in Assyrian texts, which is equivalent to War(a)ika in Luwian. The question whether it is the same person as Awar(i)ku of the Karatepe inscription or a different one remains debatable.[2] He was the vassal king of Quwê (Assyrian name), the modern Cilicia. In Luwian this region was known as 'Hiyawa'.[3]
In this monumental inscription, Urikki made reference to the relationship between his kingdom and his Assyrian overlords.
Significance
The Çineköy inscription was the subject of a 2006 paper published in the Journal of Near Eastern Studies, in which the author, Robert Rollinger, lends support to the age-old debate of the name "Syria" being derived from "Assyria" (see Etymology of Syria).
The Luwian inscription reads "Sura/i" whereas the Phoenician translation reads ’ŠR or "Ashur" which, according to Rollinger (2006), "settles the problem once and for all".[4]
The text
The examined section of the Luwian inscription reads:
§VI And then, the/an Assyrian king (su+ra/i-wa/i-ni-sa(URBS)) and the whole Assyrian "House" (su+ra/i-wa/i-za-ha(URBS)) were made a fa[ther and a mo]ther for me,
§VII and Hiyawa and Assyria (su+ra/i-wa/i-ia-sa-ha(URBS)) were made a single “House.”
The corresponding Phoenician inscription reads:
And the king [of Aššur and (?)]
the whole “House” of Aššur (’ŠR) were for me a father [and a]
mother, and the DNNYM and the Assyrians (’ŠRYM)
were a single “House.”
Also, in the Phoenician version of the inscription, Awariku claims to have built 15 fortresses in his kingdom.[5] In the Luwian version of the same inscription, the same sentence is misinterpreted
as a reference to destroying fortresses.[6]
References
^ Tekoglu, R. & Lemaire, A. (2000). La bilingue royale louvito-phénicienne de Çineköy . Comptes rendus de l’Académie des inscriptions, et belleslettres, année 2000, 960-1006. Important additions to the interpretation of the Luwian version were made in I. Yakubovich, Phoenician and Luwian in Early Iron Age Cilicia, Anatolian Studies 65 (2015), pp. 40-44 and J. D. Hawkins The Ending of the Çineköy Inscription, At the Dawn of History: Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honour of J.N. Postgate, ed. Y. Heffron et al., Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2017, pp. 211-216
^ Zsolt Simon, Awarikus und Warikas: Zwei Könige von Hiyawa, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 104/1 (2014): 91-103; Trevor Bryce, The land of Hiyawa (Que) revisited, Anatolian Studies 66 (2016), p. 70
^ Trevor Bryce, The World of The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History. Oxford University Press, 2012 ISBN 0199218722
^ Rollinger, Robert (2006). "The terms "Assyria" and "Syria" again" (PDF). Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 65 (4): 284–287. doi:10.1086/511103 .
^ Trevor Bryce, The World of The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History. Oxford University Press, 2012 ISBN 0199218722
^ I. Yakubovich, Phoenician and Luwian in Early Iron Age Cilicia, Anatolian Studies 65 (2015), p. 46
